مجله زبانشناسی و گویش های خراسان
پیاپی 8 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

Kurmanji is probably the most well known variety of Kurdish Language. Apart from such countries as Turkey، Iraq، Syria، and some areas in western Iran، it is spoken in Khorasan-e Shomali and Khorasan-e Razavi Provinces in north-east Iran. The residents of Biglar –a village near Quchan in north-west Khorasan-e Razavi Province- as well as many other people living in the neighboring villages speak this Kurdish dialect. Since there are some prominent differences between the Kurmanji dialect of Biglar and other Kurmanji dialects spoken in the neighboring villages، this paper is to describe these differences and discuss the factors involved in such a variation among the dialects. In this article، having introduced the differences، the major external and internal factors involved have also been discussed. Results show that the Kurmanji Dialect of Biglar represents some phonological، morphological، and syntactic differences with other Kurmanji dialects spoken in the area، and that two other major languages spoken in the region، i. e. local Turkish and Persian are among the most known factors involved in such an event. It was also shown that the dialect was mostly affected by Turkish، and to a lesser degree، by Persian. Among the internal factors involved، lacking distinction between the Present and Past forms of transitive verbs is worth mentioning، a phenomenon which can still be tracked in other Kurmanji dialects spoken in the neighboring villages.

The present study tries to analyze some conceptual metaphors in the Bustan، using insights from cultural linguistics. The data analyzed shows that through a cultural model، the word del، productively، embodies the mind of Persian speakers via conceptualizing emotions (love، happiness، and grief)، mental faculties (understanding، thinking)، cultural values (munificence، truth)، character traits (atrocity، awareness) and materials (garden، mirror). In fact، we can recognize del as the prototypical body-part term used in conceptualizing emotions، especially “love” and “sadness”. The present study reveals that the formation of body-part expressions is in accordance with metaphorical systems، exploiting image schema، metaphor، and metonymy

The present paper examines the nature of verb lexical aspect and its relation to -rā/rē non-active morpheme in Sorani Kurdish based on Vendler (1956 & 1967) and Croft (2010). The research method is analytic-descriptive. The article shows that although some verbs have the same aspectual features، they don’t have the same behaviour regarding the attachment of rē/rā morpheme since the verb form، namely simple or non-simple، affects the attaching -rē/rā morpheme. It shows that not only the lexical aspect، but the form of the verb morphology plays a crucial role in accounting for the presence or absence of -rā/rē morpheme at the syntax level which، in turn، implicates the interaction between the meaning، morphology and syntax in this language. Furthermore، in this article، it is shown that in most cases، the «in phrase» and «for phrase» tests are not efficient means to distinguish telic from atelic events. This causes these tests not to play a crucial role to distinguish events based on lexical aspect in Kurdish. Nonetheless، the-rā/rē non-active morpheme can attach to the verb in both telic and atelic events. So there is no direct relationship between a non-active structure and the telicity.

In linguistics morphology، clitics are considered as a set of special units which cannot be categorized under free or bound morphemes، and therefore، seriously question the traditional view of dividing morphemes into the two groups of free and bound morphemes. Clitics represent some characteristics of words and simultaneously، possess some important properties of the bound morphemes as well. The study of clitics covers a wide domain including morphology and syntax. The present study aims to investigate the morphological structure of clitics in Persian based on a set of universal parameters. In doing so، the typological models of Aikhenvald (2003)، Bickel and Nichols (2007)، and Klavans (1985) were used. The results of the present study show that the proposed model of Aikhenvald was proved to be a scientific instrument for distinguishing Persian clitics from non-clitic units.